Nosema in Honey Bees: Symptoms, Why Dysentery Isn't Diagnosis, and What the Research Actually Says
Brown streaks on the front of the hive and everyone says 'nosema.' Usually it isn't. What Nosema ceranae and apis actually do, how to diagnose them, where fumagillin stands, and what a 3,500-colony study found about nosema versus mites.
Neither one is a death sentence, and neither one has a magic cure. EFB and chalkbrood show up when a colony is stressed. Here is how to tell them apart from each other (and from AFB), and how to remove the stress.
American Foulbrood: Signs, the Ropiness Test, and What to Do (Including the New Vaccine)
Sunken greasy cappings, a foul smell, and larvae that rope out an inch on a matchstick. American foulbrood is the one disease you cannot manage your way out of. How to confirm it, what the law says, and what the new vaccine does and doesn't do.
Deformed Wing Virus in Honey Bees: What It Is, What Causes It, and How to Stop It
Bees with crumpled wings are the most visible sign of varroa. Here's what deformed wing virus is, why it's really a mite problem, what the newest research says, and the steps that stop it.